Elections and democratic transition in Nigeria under the Fourth Republic

Abstract

This article analyses the impact of elections and particularly their administration on Nigeria’s democratization process. It argues that elections under the Fourth Republic (1999–2007) were characterized by ineffective administration at all stages and levels (before, during and after), resulting in damagingly discredited outcomes. This was due in large part to the weak institutionalization of the primary agencies of electoral administration, particularly the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) and the political parties. INEC lacks both institutional and administrative autonomy, as manifested by its composition and funding by the presidency, as well as its gross lack of professionalism and security of tenure for its officials. Elections can only engender the consolidation of democracy in Nigeria if the electoral processes are reformed in ways that fundamentally address the autonomy and capability of INEC and related electoral agencies, particularly political parties, to discharge their responsibilities effectively. The recent trend towards challenging electoral fraud in the courts, however, does signal a strengthening of the rule of law and gives some reason for optimism.