Elbasvir-grazoprevir: A new direct-acting antiviral combination for hepatitis C.

Abstract

The chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, dosage, administration, and role of elbasvir-grazoprevir in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are reviewed. Elbasvir-grazoprevir was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of chronic HCV genotype 1 or 4 infections with or without ribavirin in patients with or without compensated cirrhosis. Elbasvir exhibits antiviral activity against HCV genotypes 1a, 1b, 2a, 3a, and 4a. Elbasvir-grazoprevir undergoes fecal excretion, does not require dosage adjustment in patients with renal impairment, and is contraindicated in moderate and severe hepatic impairment. In Phase II and III clinical trials, elbasvir-grazoprevir administered orally for 12 weeks was shown to achieve a high sustained virological response 12 weeks after the end of treatment. Elbasvir-grazoprevir is a once-daily, fixed-dose combination tablet that can be taken without regard to food. The adverse drug reactions most commonly reported include fatigue, headache, and nausea. Elbasvir-grazoprevir is indicated with ribavirin for treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients with genotype 1a with baseline NS5A polymorphisms, for treatment-experienced patients with genotype 1b, and for treatment-experienced patients with genotype 4. Elbasvir-grazoprevir achieves a high cure rate in the treatment of patients with chronic HCV with a once-daily oral regimen and without serious adverse effects; however, it requires close monitoring of liver function values. It is an effective option for patients with HCV genotype 1a, 1b, or 4 with or without compensated cirrhosis and is a particularly attractive option in patients with chronic kidney disease receiving hemodialysis and in patients with HIV coinfection.