Abstract
The kinematics and dynamics of thin shells are well established. The constitutive equations of Hookean shells are linear in 6 strains and 6 stresses, but the equations of elastoplastic shells are incremental and require additional internal variables, notably stresses. In typical computations, the shell is divided into N layers: With the usual hypotheses, 6 strains and 3N stresses are required. The storage of 3N stresses poses practical limitations. The ideal sandwich of 2 layers is useful for limit analyses, but inadequate for general purposes. The club sandwich of 4 layers offers a practical alternative: Relative strengths, stiffnesses and positions of the layers are selected to fit the conditions of yielding under actions of membrane and bending stresses. Here, the mechanics of the club sandwich are presented and the behavior is compared with that of the multi-layered shell.
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