Abstract
The incremental updated Lagrangian formulation of an elasto-plastic finite-element computer code has been incorporated into the extend r min technique in order to handle the contact boundary condition as applied to the analysis of the axisymmetric tube-flaring process with a conical punch. A modified Coulomb's friction law was also adopted to calculate the influence of friction coefficients on the tube-flaring process. Effects of the size and the mechanical properties of tubes, lubricants and the punch semi-angle on the flaring load were studied. It was found that good lubrication and tubular materials with a high strain hardening coefficient are both effective in reducing the flaring load. An optimum punch semi-angle (punch load is lower) in flaring is determined by work on frictional and bending at the punch inlet. In addition, the effect of springback on the tube diameter or angle of final deformation, under different friction coefficients after unloading, was also explored.
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