Elasticity assessment of flexor pronator muscles using shear wave elastography

Abstract

BackgroundThe flexor pronator muscles (FPMs) have been thought as a dynamic stabilizer to protect the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) from valgus stress during throwing motion. Thus, evaluation of the FPMs is important for preventing UCL injuries. Shear wave ultrasound elastography (SWE) is an imaging modality that quantifies tissue elasticity. The purpose of this study was to measure the tissue elasticities of healthy FPMs using SWE. MethodsWe investigated 22 healthy men (mean age, 29 ± 6 years). The elasticities of the FPMs, including the pronator teres (PT), flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), and flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), were measured using SWE for each arm under two conditions: at rest (unloaded) and under valgus stress (loaded). The values obtained under different loading conditions were compared between both elbows. ResultsThe mean SWE values of the PT, FDS, and FCU for the dominant elbows were 22.4 ± 3.6, 22.8 ± 2.9, and 22.3 ± 3.4 kPa, respectively. The corresponding mean SWE values for the non-dominant elbows were 24.2 ± 4.6, 23.1 ± 3.5, and 23.4 ± 3.5 kPa, respectively. The mean SWE values of the PT, FDS, and FCU at rest (unloaded) were 23.3 ± 4.2, 22.9 ± 3.2, and 22.9 ± 3.5 kPa, respectively. The corresponding mean SWE values under valgus stress (loaded) were 35.0 ± 6.2, 34.7 ± 5.3, 31.9 ± 4.8 kPa, respectively. ConclusionThis non-invasive evaluation of the stiffness of the FPMs may provide clinically relevant data for the prevention of UCL injuries.