Abstract
Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are stimulus-responsive soft materials that consist of polymeric matrices and magnetic particles. In this study, large-strain response of MREs with 5 vol % of carbonyl iron (CI) particles is experimentally characterized for two different conditions: (1) shear deformation in a uniform magnetic field; and (2), compression in a heterogeneous uniaxial magnetic field. For condition (1), dynamic viscoelastic measurements were performed using a rheometer with a rotor disc and an electric magnet that generated a uniform magnetic field on disc-like material samples. For condition (2), on the other hand, three permanent magnets with different surface flux densities were used to generate a heterogeneous uniaxial magnetic field under cylindrical material samples. The experimental results were mathematically modeled, and the relationship between them was investigated. We also used finite-element method (FEM) software to estimate the uniaxial distributions of the magnetic field in the analyzed MREs for condition (2), and developed mathematical models to describe these phenomena. By using these practicable techniques, we established a simple macroscale model of the elastic properties of MREs under simple compression. We estimated the elastic properties of MREs in the small-strain regime (neo–Hookean model) and in the large-strain regime (Mooney–Rivlin model). The small-strain model explains the experimental results for strains under 5%. On the other hand, the large-strain model explains the experimental results for strains above 10%.
Highlights
Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are soft materials with rheological properties that change with magnetic fields (MF)
We developed a simple macroscale model of the elastic properties of MREs under simple compression, and in a non-uniform and uniaxial MF
The large-strain behavior of the MREs with 5 vol % of carbonyl iron (CI) particles was experimentally characterized for two different conditions: (1) shear deformation in a uniform magnetic field, and (2) compression in a non-uniform uniaxial magnetic field
Summary
Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are soft materials with rheological properties that change with magnetic fields (MF). This effect is called the MR effect. In recent years, several researchers have developed MREs that exhibit hundred-fold changes in their dynamic modulus at low strains [3], or several-fold changes at high strains [4]. Mitsumata et al, [5] developed a polyurethane-based MRE with a volume fraction of 0.29 carbonyl iron (CI) particles, that demonstrated drastic and reversible changes in dynamic modulus, more than 200-fold the original value, at high strains. WWee uusseedd ppeerrmmaanneenntt mmaaggnneettss ((PPMM)) ttoo ggeenneerraattee tthhee MMFF.
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