Abstract
This contribution studies failure by elastic buckling and plastic collapse during 3D concrete printing of wall structures. Four types of experiments were performed, which demonstrate the circumstances under which elastic buckling and plastic collapse occur, the effect of geometrical imperfections on the buckling response, the influence by the curing rate of the concrete material on the buckling stability, and the conditions leading to the successful printing of a complex, practical structure (a picnic table). The experimental results are compared to those computed by the parametric 3D printing model recently developed by Suiker (Int. J. Mech Sci, 137: 145–170, 2018), showing a very good agreement. The design formulas and design graphs deduced from the parametric model serve as a useful tool for accurately designing wall structures against failure during 3D concrete printing. Furthermore, they may be applied to optimize the process conditions during 3D printing, by providing the maximal printing velocity, the optimal geometrical characteristics, or the minimal amount of material required for adequately printing the structure.
Highlights
The application of extrusion-based 3D concrete printing eliminates the necessity for conventional casting, by accurately placing specific volumes of material in successive layers through a computer-controlled positioning procedure
The experimental results are compared to those computed by the parametric 3D printing model recently developed by Suiker
The experimental results are compared to the results obtained by the parametric 3D printing model recently developed by Suiker [9], and the main conclusions from this comparison study are summarized pointwisely below:
Summary
The application of extrusion-based 3D concrete printing eliminates the necessity for conventional casting, by accurately placing specific volumes of material in successive layers through a computer-controlled positioning procedure. Through a detailed comparison with the results obtained from dedicated experiments, it is shown (i) how the design formulas and design graphs deduced in [9] can be applied to accurately predict and analyze experimental failure by elastic buckling and plastic collapse, and (ii) how they can be utilized for the optimization of 3D concrete printing processes. For this purpose, 4 types of printing experiments were performed, which refer to (i) elastic buckling and plastic collapse of a square wall layout, (ii) elastic buckling of wall structures with and without imperfections, (iii) elastic buckling of wall structures printed at different curing rates - or equivalently, different wall growth velocities -, and (iv) the design of a practical, complex wall structure - a picnic table - against failure during 3D concrete printing.
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