Abstract

Es dificil calibrar en el pensamiento de los europeos de la modernidad temprana, la importancia del impacto producido por el conocimiento de un continente desconocido hasta entonces, poblado por especies vegetales y animales que no hallan parangon con las que integraban el acervo de sus conocimientos, y por seres humanos con culturas y patrimonios materiales no asimilables a lo conocido por aquellos hasta entonces. Los espanoles, vanguardia del avance europeo, enfrentaron en el siglo XVI el horizonte ampliado de sus experiencias con las mismas armas materiales e intelectuales que les habian servido hasta 1492 para integrarse a la Europa renacentista. Las historiografias europeas y americanas hasta el siglo XX ponen de manifiesto el exito con que los peninsulares —espanoles y portugueses— lograron imponer su dominio con la construccion de inmensos territorios coloniales. America fue concebida en los proyectos politicos de los europeos y en especial de los espanoles, en primer lugar, como instrumento para solucionar los problemas demograficos, economicos, religiosos y sociales del Viejo Continente. La Monarquia Hispanica de Tomas Campanella exhibe un efecto posible de tal experiencia. Testigo del momento de la ampliacion del mundo conocido por los europeos, concibe un proyecto que escapa al espacio del Mediterraneo integrando al Nuevo Mundo en el Imperio Hispanico, pero no escapa a los efectos de una perspectiva eurocentrica. En tal proyecto, y de manera correlativa, America y los indios americanos tienen un papel pasivo y marginal. It is hard to measure the importance of the impact produced by the knowledge of a hitherto unknown continent in the thinking of early modern Europeans. This land, populated by plants and animals that find no comparison with those that made the stock of their knowledge, and by human beings with cultures and material heritages not comparable to those hitherto known. The Spaniards were the forefront of European progress in the newly discovered lands in the sixteenth century. They had to face the expanded horizon of their experiences with the same material and intellectual weapons that had served them until 1492 to join Renaissance Europe. European and American historiography until the twentieth century show the success with which the Spaniards and Portuguese managed to impose their rule constructing vast colonial territories. America was conceived in political projects of European and especially Spanish, first, as a tool to solve the demographic, economic, religious and social problems of the Old Continent. The Spanish Monarchy of Thomas Campanella exhibits a possible effect of such experience. Witness of the expansion of the known world by Europeans, conceived a project that goes beyond the Mediterranean space integrating the New World in the Hispanic Empire, but not immune to the effects of an eurocentric perspective. In this project, and correlatively, American Indians have a passive and marginal role.

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