Abstract
This essay shows the ideological and doctrinal sources that prepared the way for the so-called social constitutionalism in Mexico since the end of the 19th century. Very close to the current European social issue, the Mexican liberals discussed the protection of workers and the dignity of work, disclosing free recruitment and free exercise of the profession enacted at the old article 5 of the Constitution of 1857, from subordinated and salaried work of the new article 123 of the Constitution of 1917. A mixture of libertarian and Catholic ideas and some other external influences led to the foundational and controversial debate of registering as a constitutional norm, the protection of the social and economic rights of the manufacturing and agricultural workers, which snatched judicial control, in civil matters, (which was common in other countries of America) of lawsuits arising from the recruitment, permanence and dismissal of workers, which passed to the scope of the Conciliation and Arbitration Boards under the control of the revolutionary executive of 1917. The essay shows, with original and little consulted sources, that the ideological and doctrinal influences that were behind the writing of the article of work in Mexico were in some times against the attribution of judicial law, the Amparo, in hands of the Mexican Supreme Court, despite the fact that the executive power maintained until the current reforms of 2018-2019, the control of those conciliation and arbitration boards. With the reforms of 1928 and the first Federal Labor Law of 1931, labor matters became a norm of political control of the executive power, inaugurating a kind of mass politics and unions control managed by General Cardenas government (1934-1940).It also highlights the strong influence of the libertarian and anarchist ideas of the political newspaper Regeneration of Ricardo Flores Magon in the doctrinal body of section VI of the new article 123, which the literature known until today tends to insinuate more from the Catholic perspective of Rerum Novarum.
Highlights
Resumen: El artículo muestra las fuentes ideológicas y doctrinales que prepararon el camino al llamado constitucionalismo social en México desde finales del siglo XIX
This essay shows the ideological and doctrinal sources that prepared the way for the so-called social constitutionalism in Mexico since the end of the 19th century
Texto original de la Constitución de 1917 y de las reformas publicadas en el Diario Oficial de la Federación del 5 de febrero de 1917 al 1° de junio de 2009
Summary
Pero, según su propia descripción, poco hábil con DERECHO LABORAL la palabra, el protagonismo que tenía al momento de asentar en el papel MEXICANO: 1891las bases de los artículos aminoraba cuando este era presentado en las 1928 sesiones. Estas premisas jugaban sin duda a favor del bando obrero y campesino, y junto con el artículo 27 otorgaban a la Constitución de 1917 un verdadero sentido social, el cual había sido repetidamente anunciado en las arengas políticas, pero del que no se tenía ningún resultado fehaciente. La importancia de la contribución efectuada por la comisión encabezada por Pastor Rouaix estriba precisamente en el hecho de incorporar al texto fundamental, aún con el riesgo doctrinal de generar futuras contradicciones de interpretación de garantías y derechos, la protección de garantías sociales colectivas en una sociedad dominada todavía por agravios de comunidad y de organizaciones laborales emanadas de asociaciones de origen gremial o mutualista, donde las garantías individuales de «libertad de trabajo» no eran respetadas en una legislación secundaria
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