Abstract
Los sistemas de urbanismo necesitan abrir espacio a movimientos sociales que objetan la planificación urbana desde una perspectiva dominada por la lógica del mercado. La adopción de un modelo alternativo de desarrollo sostenible que tome en cuenta factores económicos, sociales y ecológicos requiere la incorporación de nuevos actores como los Movimientos Sociales Urbanos. Desde esta perspectiva, el desarrollo urbano se beneficia de una mejor identificación de los problemas a partir de métodos que proporcionen una visión más detallada sobre el papel de los Movimientos Sociales Urbanos en el diseño de ciudades y su capacidad para influir en la planificación urbana. Se utiliza el proceso de construcción de escenarios de la Escuela Francesa “la prospective” (Amer, Daim y Jetter, 2013) al desarrollar ejercicios participativos de análisis de actores, análisis estructural y la construcción de escenarios probabilizados para llegar a la construcción de un escenario normativo. Los resultados muestran la importancia de la prospectiva estratégica como método útil para construir consensos entre actores con intereses distintos, lograr un lenguaje común e identificar acciones a partir de una visión sistémica. La metodología permitió identificar las variables críticas, así como las divergencias y sinergias que afectan el fenómeno.
Highlights
We analyze the influence of Urban Social Movements ( USM) of Zorrotzaurre in Spain on sustainable urban design, while examining external actors and variables that could potentially affect their actions
Different contributions in the field of future studies and strategic foresight have been made on urban planning (Fernández Güell, 2006; Krawczyk & Ratcliffe, 2006; Fernandez Güell & Redondo, 2012) our aim is to fill the gap in the literature including USM
The present study seeks to answer the following research questions: How can USM influence sustainable urban design? How do futures studies and strategic foresight contribute to a structured dialogue and a shared vision among the different actors to achieve a sustainable city? This research uses the scenario method of the French School “la prospective” (Amer, Daim and Jetter, 2013) using participatory exercises to apply the methods of actor analysis, structural analysis, and probabilized scenarios
Summary
We analyze the influence of Urban Social Movements ( USM) of Zorrotzaurre in Spain on sustainable urban design, while examining external actors and variables that could potentially affect their actions. Results showed that the use of the scenario method managed to trigger a process of dialogue, and it led to the development of a shared language among different actors that made up the urban regeneration process This allowed USM to identify strategies from a common perspective, based on a participatory process. The method helped to understand a complex and uncertain system, given its multiple factors and actors This exercise triggered a strategic dialogue that first led to the identification of critical elements of the system, and contextualized them based on actors’ perceptions, and these made evident adverse positions of some key actors of the USM to achieve an alternative design. The step would be to propose public policies that allow a more frequent participation of USM in the public sphere
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