Abstract
Oukaimeden is located in the Toubkal National Park, in the western third of the High Atlas geological domain. The geological structure of this area presents smooth folds, supracrustal thrust faults and faults placed transversally to the mean structural directions of the mountain range. There are outcropping materials from the Palaeozoic base and the Mesozoic sedimentary cover, here consisting exclusively of clastic sedimentary rocks from the Triassic period. The largest morphological feature in Oukaimeden is the basin, limited to the north by the Tizrag morphological slope and the rugged reliefs of the Paleozoic rocks to the south, which culminate in the Jbel Angour (3.616 m.a.s.l). The most important formations are the two slopes of Triassic sandstones: Tizrag to the north, and Tifita to the south, separated by the narrow valley of the Irini River, which drains the Oukaimeden depression to the northeast. Over these two large elements there is a remarkable group of rock carvings. However, their location vary with regard to the geological features of their near vicinity: carvings located separating strata, inside a stratum, on fractures, on fallen rocks or inside rock shelters or small cavities. Most of the carvings present a black patina with metallic reflections. Given their antiquity, their sub-horizontal position, that most of them are in open air locations and the continued use of this territory by the local population, the carvings show a wide range of alterations, described below.
Highlights
Resumen Oukaïmeden se localiza en el Parque Nacional de Toubkal, en el tercio occidental del dominio geológico del Alto Atlas
Oukaïmeden is located in the Toubkal National Park, in the western third of the High Atlas geological domain
Oukaïmeden is located in the western third of the High Atlas geological domain
Summary
The Oukaïmeden area is located in the Atlas Mountains, the southernmost mountain range of the Alpine Orogenic Belt. The geological structure of the High Atlas in the Oukaïmeden area is relatively simple, presenting smooth folds, supracrustal thrust faults and faults placed transversally to the mean structural directions of the mountain range It is set around the contact area between the Palaeozoic base (in the south) and the Mesozoic sedimentary cover (in the north), here consisting exclusively of clastic sedimentary rocks of the Triassic period. The depression is closed westwards by the perisynclinal enclosure of the Tizi n’ou Addi mountain pass, while the termination to the east is morphologically more complex To the northwest it ends at the Irini ravine, and through a series of consecutive hills and valleys on the back of the Tifita slope to the south. The Palaeozoic materials located to the south of the Oukaïmeden Depression, the Triassic materials in the west, and the north of the Tizi n’ou Addi mountain pass, present clearly eroded steep slopes with a rough relief. Periglaciar processes must have had a strong influence on the Pleistocene cold phases, and continue to do so nowadays, as shown by the numerous active screes at the bases of the most protruding reliefs
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