Abstract
We studied the effect of virgin olive oil on plasma lipids and erythrocyte membrane lipids of healthy subjects and hypertensive patients (with or without hypercholesterolaemia). The effect of high-oleic sunflower oil was also tested. The study was conducted over two 4-week periods, with a washout (4-week) period between both monounsaturated diets. Olive oil and high-oleic sunflower oil signiflcantly increased the plasma HDL cholesterol concentration, but only decreased the plasma LDL cholesterol concentration in healthy subjects. There was a reduction in the ratio of cholesterol to phospholipids in the erythrocyte membrane of healthy subjects, while an increase in the erythrocyte of hypertensive patients after both MUFA periods. The content of membrane cholesteryl esters was fully decreased. Olive oil (but not high-oleic sunflower oil) increased the content of long-chain PUFAs (arachidonic acid, and docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids of n-3 family) in the erythrocyte membrane of hypertensive patients. The effects were more evident in hypercholesterolaemic patients. Our study indicates that olive oil and high-oleic sunflower oil improve the plasma atherogenic profile In humans, although olive oil (and not high-oleic sunflower oil) had favourable effect on membrane homeostasis processes.
Highlights
El protocolo experimental se enmarca dentro del estudio sobre el efecto en humanos de dietas enriquecidas en grasas monoinsaturadas que se está llevando a cabo en el Departamento de Caracterización y Calidad de Alimentos (Grupo de Nutrición) del Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC)
Figura 2 Diferencias fundamentales en la composición química de los aceites utilizados en este estudio mg/kg mg/kg (c) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Licencia Creative Commons 3.0 España http://grasasyaceites.revistas.csic.es sol alto-oleico es más rico en ácido linoleico (18:2n6), mientras que el aceite de oliva virgen contiene 10 veces más de ácido a-linolénico (18:3n-3)
Según los ciclos metabólicos exógenos y endógenos de las grasas procedentes de los alimentos, esto parece indicar que el aceite de oliva virgen y el aceite de girasol alto-oleico pueden aumentar el transporte reverso del colesterol
Summary
Hemos estudiado la influencia de una dieta enriquecida con aceite de oliva virgen con respecto a una dieta enriquecida con otra fuente vegetal de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados [aceite de girasol-oleico, cuya variedad «Pervenets» puede contener hasta el 80% de ácido oleico del total de ácidos grasos del aceite (Urie, 1986) (Yodia, 1990)] sobre el perfil lipídico y lipoproteico en el plasma sanguíneo y la composición lipídica (incluyendo los ácidos grasos) de la membrana de eritrocito de sujetos sanos y pacientes con factores de riesgo como la hipertensión arterial e hipercolesterolemia (sujetos sanos, pacientes normocolesterolémicos e hipertensos, y pacientes hipercolesterolémicos e hipertensos). Los valores se expresan como las medias ± desviación estándar. ^Calculado durante 21 días
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