EKSTRAKSI MINYAK DAN RESIN NYAMPLUNG DENGAN CAMPURAN PELARUT HEKSAN-ETANOL

Abstract

Calophyllum seeds are potential to be used as raw material for vegetable oil production due to their high oil content ( 75.1 % db ). In addition, C alophyllum seeds contain resin consisting beneficial phenolic compound s for health. In this study, C alophyllum seeds were extracted using hexane-ethanol mixture to investigate oil and resin yields and their physicochemical properties , and to obtain the best process condition in oil and resin production from C alophyllum seeds. Experiment was carried out using r andomized c omplete d esign with three factors, i.e. extraction time s (5-7 h ), temperature s (40-50°C) , and hexane to ethanol ratio s ( 2 : 4 , 3:3 and 4 : 2 ). The result of variance analysis showed that extraction time and hexane to ethanol ratio affected significantly on oil and resin yield s , density, acid and iod value s, whereas temperature influenced only on oil yield , density and acid value . Best oil (58.2%) and resin (16.2%) yields were respectively obtained at 5h extraction time, 50°C temperature and 4:2 hexane to ethanol ratio, and 5hextraction time, 4 0°C temperature and 2:4 hexane to ethanol ratio. At these optimum conditions, the oil had acid value of 1 4 . 89 mg KOH/g, iodine value of 60.75 g iodine/100 g , viscosity (25 °C ) of 71 . 46 mPa.s, and density (25 °C ) of 0.8 6 g/ cm 3 . On the other hand, t he resin had acid value of 1 33 . 76 mg KOH/g. Keywords: C alophyllum, extraction, ethanol , hexane, oil, resin