Abstract
Contemporary essay is widely-known and has gained significant popularity in Czech and Slovak cultural space, as well as in Lithuanian cultural space. However, we should keep in mind that the Czech-Slovak essay does not necessarily have to be identical to the Lithuanian essay, despite the fact that both cultures use the same term for these texts – esej in Czech, esė in Lithuanian. To compare how essay is understood in both environments, this paper applies the concept of the dominant to the Czech-Slovak and Lithuanian essay. Our understanding of the dominant follows Czech linguistic tradition; in particular, it was inspired by Roman Jakobson’s and Jan Mukařovský’s definitions of the dominant. If we apply the concept of the dominant to different groups of text, it becomes clear that each of them is characterized by a common feature. Striving to deliver profound – as opposed to trivial – knowledge is the basic requirement for the sphere of professional (for example, scientific or technical) texts whose main purpose is to convey facts and information. For belles-lettres texts, aesthetic qualities are absolutely essential. Finally, manifests of author personality are typical for publicistic texts. The Czech-Slovak essay is situated among these three groups of texts, and it is clear that all of the mentioned features are distinctly pronounced in it. If a text is to be called an essay in the Czech and Slovak cultural space, it must deliver profound knowledge, be notable for its aesthetic qualities, and show a strong presence of the author’s personality. A text, in which any one of these three elements does not sufficiently manifest itself, cannot be considered an essay from the perspective of Czech and Slovak cultural and stylistic traditions. Meanwhile, only two of the features – aesthetic qualities and author’s personality – are present in Lithuanian essay. As far as essay is concerned, whether or not a text delivers profound knowledge does not seem to have an impact in Lithuanian cultural space.
Highlights
We should keep in mind that the Czech-Slovak essay does not necessarily have to be identical to the Lithuanian essay, despite the fact that both cultures use the same term for these texts – esej in Czech, esė in Lithuanian
To compare how essay is understood in both environments, this paper applies the concept of the dominant to the Czech-Slovak and Lithuanian essay
If we apply the concept of the dominant to different groups of text, it becomes clear that each of them is characterized by a common feature
Summary
Jakobsonas ir Mukařovský’is nagrinėjo literatūrinio kūrinio struktūros dominantę. Tačiau dominantės – kaip vyraujančio konstrukcinio principo, kuriam paklūsta visos kitos sudėtinės kūrinio dalys, – sąvoką galima pritaikyti ir visai stiliaus sferai, kurią definuojame kaip tekstų, pasižyminčių tais pačiais pagrindiniais stiliaus bruožais, visumą. Meninės ir publicistinės stiliaus sferų dominantes, nes tarp jų kaip tik ir skleidžiasi čekų-slovakų esė.
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