Eğitim Kurumlarında Yenilikçi Dönüşümlerin Yukarıdan Aşağıya ve Aşağıdan Yukarıya Yönlü Uygulamasının İncelenmesi

Abstract

There are top-down and bottom-up oriented application models in the implementation of innovative transformations in educational institutions. It would also be appropriate to mention the hybrid approach as a model that synthesizes them. In the top-down implementation model regarding the implementation of policies, policies have defined goals and objectives against which performance can be measured. Policies have clearly defined means of implementation for the achievement of objectives. An education policy is generally determined by a law or other legal regulation. The application chain is started by giving orders from the top. It is believed that the political or administrative decision-makers who create and shape the policy have a good knowledge of the capacities of practitioners and their appetite for work. Capacity also covers the availability of all kinds of resources of the institution (human, financial, Jul-tific authority and discretion). Employment, on the other hand, includes the desires of practitioners in fulfilling the goals and objectives set by decision makers. After all, if the necessary plans, structures and tools are created to achieve executive success, there is no other reason for practitioners not to be successful. Another model, the bottom-up model, has emerged in response to the top-down model. According to this approach, it is the approach that draws attention to the importance of the base in policy implementation and that the most extreme public policy practitioners who are in contact with the public in a hierarchical structure are the ones who play the main role. These practitioners include doctors, nurses, police officers, members of the bureaucratic service, social workers and other people who provide services in direct contact with the public, especially educational administrators and teachers. Dec. According to this approach, the goals and objectives set by tepe management are not very clear and understandable. Therefore, it not only conflicts with other objectives in the same public policy area, but also with the motivation and values of public servants who provide services. On the other hand, some studies have shown that local practitioners are working towards their own goals instead of pursuing strategic goals and objectives guided and determined by the tepe management. Key Words: Educational Institutions, Innovative Transformation, Application Models