Einstein’s Criticism of Quantum Mechanics

Abstract

After having played a fundamental pioneer role in the birth of quantum physics by unveiling non classical properties and formulating a first coherent theoretical approach, Einstein was far less enthusiastic about the constitution of quantum mechanics as proclaimed in 1927. From then on he constantly argued against the pretention of its founders and proponents to have settled a definitive and complete physical theory for the quantum domain. His arguments are analysed, situated in the context of the dominant “complementarity interpretation” and following their evolution with time. They are centered on an “uncompleteness” of the quantum theory with respect to reality and objectivity, exigencies which were at the core of his own program since the start. In the light of further advances in quantum physics, it is then shown how Einstein’s objections have played a decisive role in the clarification of specific quantum concepts such as local non-separability (entanglement and non-locality), while maintaining that of an individual quantum physical system. Through these, it has been possible to deepen the understanding and applications of quantum correlations and the connection between the quantum and classical descriptions (decoherence with consequences as to the “measurement problem”).