Abstract
The Introduction to this volume compares the concept of speech in classical rhetoric with the idea of language in modern pragmatics. Classical rhetoric doesn’t know anything like our modern concept of language in the sense of a system of rules or competences; the classical authors only had a concept of ungrounded speech, which is always already concretely situated, addressed and efficient. In opposition to this pragmatics (at least after Wittgenstein and Austin) tend to interpret speech acts in a foundationalist manner. They are governed by foregoing intentions, rules, institutions, and by games of giving and taking reasons. The single utterance then appears to be nothing more than the materialization of its universal preconditions
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