Abstract
The time variation of the temperature and the electrical conductivity of distilled water in a glass tube during the cooling or heating process was measured around 4°C. Discontinuous changes of specific heat at constant pressure and of electrical conductivity were found. The discontinuity of the specific volume and the coefficient of the thermal expansion at the critical temperature in which water has maximum density was confirmed by measuring the temperature change of water in a steel tube at adiabatic expansion. It was also observed that the critical temperature decreased for solution according to Clausius-Clapeyron's law. These phenomena cannot be explained by the inversion of water density and suggest that a phase transition takes place in water at this critical temperature.
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