Abstract
The revision of the federal act on spatial planning in 2013 and the adoption of the popular initiative on second homes in 2012 reveal – among other issues – that the Swiss population is concerned about land use developments. There is a widespread claim for stricter legal enforcement, further regulations and innovative instruments to tackle land-use problems. This paper presents a concept of the market-oriented planning instrument of Transferable Development Rights (TDR) adapted to Switzerland, which could be used to reduce land-use problems, in particular those associated with the abundant building zones. First, we present a possible TDR market concept for Switzerland, second, we present the empirically calibrated agent-based TDR market simulation, and third, we show and discuss detailed simulation results.The results show that with the introduction of TDR, it would be possible to reduce both the overall building zone area and the problem of severe spatial imbalances in supply and demand for these zones. For example, it can be shown that through TDR trade, it would be possible to downzone 11.4 km2 of building zone land for which there is no demand, and to develop 7.4 km2 of new building zone land by the year 2018. In addition, the obtained simulation results reveal that TDR prices would be comparable with existing land prices in Switzerland, i.e. the cost of developing land would not rise.
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