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Abstract
On the basis of investigations on a limited number of diesel engines for tractors, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. (a) No difference could be found between the life of cylinders and piston rings of air- and water-cooled engines. With both types of cooling, long and short lives were recorded. Under good working and maintenance conditions a life of 6,000 hours is considered normal. 2. (b) Maintenance, running, thermal conditions, temperature regulation, efficiency of combustion, all have a decisive influence on the degree of wear. 3. (c) The course of loss of weight of the principal chrome-plated piston ring corresponds with the course of cylinder wear at the upper dead centre. 4. (d) The volumetric cylinder wear of the upper half of the stroke length follows the same course as the cylinder wear in the upper dead centre of the principal piston rings. 5. (e) Though the material properties of the cylinder and piston rings are masked by other influences (see (b)), it has been demonstrated that within the limits of the analysis values of the materials used the following factors have a wear-inhibiting effect: increasing C, Cr and P and decreasing Si content and ferritic constituent. The decline in wear of the cylinder wall within a Brinell hardness of 207–239 was slight. 6. (f) The regulation of cooling is in principle also applicable to air-cooled engines. 7. (g) It is essential now more than ever to ensure that cooling and combustion of all cylinders of the same engine are equally good. 8. (h) The external causes of a decrease in the quality of the oil (contamination by carbon deposits, etc.) may have considerably more influence than structural changes of the oil. Intervals of replacement of oil, especially in cold seasons, should not exceed 120 hours.
Published Version
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