Abstract
Using a numerical technique which is different from the iteration method of Fox and Li and which is more suitable for the analysis of high-order modes, we have calculated the diffraction losses and the field distributions at the reflectors of the low-loss modes of a symmetric confocal resonator for Fresnel numbers 0.6 ≦ N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</inf> ≦ 2.0. We have also computed the modifications which result when the two end reflectors are perturbed by circular output-coupling apertures centered on the cavity axis. For a range of small but useful aperture Fresnel numbers N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> the aperture diffraction losses can be estimated by first-order perturbation theory from the finite-N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</inf> results appropriate to N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> &equal; 0. Such estimates fail for those larger Fresnel numbers N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> for which the mode intensity patterns are significantly distorted at the reflectors by the finite coupling apertures.
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