Abstract
The future fertility of males with cancer may be irreversibly compromised by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Spermatogonial stem cell transplantation is believed to be a way to restore fertility in men. However, the survival efficiency of transplanted cells is still low. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 3 and structural gene Y-linked (Eif2s3y) located on the Y chromosome of male animals is a coding gene of eIF2γ which mainly functions in translation initiation. Recently, the emerging role of Eif2s3y in spermatogenesis has been emphasized in several studies. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In addition, how Eif2s3y functions in large animals remains largely unknown. In this study, we obtained the CDS sequence of the Eif2s3y gene from the testis of dairy goats and found that this gene was highly expressed in the testis and was evolutionarily conserved among different species. Interestingly, overexpression of Eif2s3y promoted the proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells of dairy goats by activating the ERK signaling pathway. In animal experiments, overexpressing Eif2s3y promoted transplanted goat spermatogonial stem cells and produced more colonies after microinjection into the seminiferous tubules of infertile mice. In conclusion, our study highlights an undiscovered role of Eif2s3y in dairy goat reproduction. This finding may provide an important basis for future works regarding male spermatogenic cell restoration and represent a major advance toward surrogate sires becoming a tool for disseminating and regenerating germplasm in all mammals.
Highlights
Spermatogenesis is essential for the continuation of most species
Eif2s3y is widely expressed in different male animals and recognized as a translation initiation factor [11, 34]
We found that Eif2s3y could regulate the proliferation of goat spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs)
Summary
The reduction of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) can destroy spermatogenesis and leads to male infertility [1, 2]. In addition to maintaining stable spermatogenesis, studies in mice have shown that a small fraction of undifferentiated spermatogonia can regenerate spermatogenic lineage after being isolated from donor tissues and transplanted into the testis of recipient males lacking endogenous reproductive lines [3]. These regenerated spermatogonia are often referred to as spermatogonial stem cells. A defect in SSC proliferation usually results in reduced germ cell number or even male infertility [5]
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