Eicosanoic fatty acid reduction in the tibiotarsus of biotin-deficient chicks

Abstract

Day-old male broiler chicks (Hubbard x Hubbard) were fed a purified diet containing biotin at 0 microgram/kg of diet (biotin-deficient) or 500 micrograms/kg of diet (biotin-adequate). Biotin-deficient (BD) chicks had decreased growth and feed efficiency and greater twisted leg and dermatitis symptoms than biotin-adequate (BA) chicks. Lipids in cortical bone of the tibiotarsi in BD chicks contained higher levels of linoleate, gamma-linolenate, and alpha-linolenate. Prostaglandin precursors, dihomo-gamma-linolenate (20:3 omega 6), arachidonate (20:4 omega 6), and eicosapentaenoate (20:5 omega 3) were all lower in BD chicks compared with BA chicks. Periosteal bone appositional and bone formation rates, and percent new bone formation were reduced in the tibiotarsi of BD chicks. Anatomically there were two different bone modeling patters at the mid-diaphysis. The cortex was thickest laterally in chicks fed the BA diet and thickest medially in chicks fed the BD diet. The quantitative differences in bone growth and the distinct bone modeling patterns, coupled with corresponding decreases in PG precursors, suggest that biotin deficiency may alter bone growth and modeling via a PG-dependent mechanism.