Abstract
This chapter considers ehrlichiosis as the collective name for infections caused by obligate intracellular gram-negative bacteria belonging to the genera Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, and Neoehrlichia, family Anaplasmataceae. It covers E. chaffeensis, the agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME); E. ewingii, the agent of human ewingii ehrlichiosis (HEE); and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA). It also includes the Panola Mountain ehrlichia, an agent phylogenetically similar to E. ruminantium that has caused fever in humans in the United States; E. canis, thought to be limited to canids but recently identified as an agent of human febrile illness in Venezuela; and Candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis, which has caused severe sepsis-like conditions in Europe.
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