Egg-free mayonnaise-type emulsions stabilized with proteins derived from the larvae of Tenebrio molitor

Abstract

In view of demanding alternative protein sources to replace the conventional ones, egg-yolk free mayonnaise-type emulsions were made from protein preparations extracted from Tenebrio molitor larvae by applying alkaline extraction (ASP), alkaline extraction followed by isoelectric precipitation (AIP) and salt-assisted treatment followed by dialysis (SSP). Their droplet size, microstructure and rheological properties were compared with egg-yolk mayonnaise (CEY). All emulsions exhibited similar droplet size distribution, with the CEY-mayonnaise having a broader range. SSP showed the smallest mean droplet size acting as a more effective emulsifier. Steady-state flow properties and dynamic oscillatory experiments within the linear viscoelastic region of mayonnaise-type emulsions were performed. The higher value of G′ compared to the value of G″ indicated the elastic character of all samples. Both moduli were no-highly frequency dependent, which was in line with their solid-like nature. The thixotropic behaviour of the emulsions was evaluated by three-interval thixotropy tests revealing higher recovery rate in the case of CEY and ASP. Temperature sweeps were also performed and revealed that AIP and SSP showed less temperature dependence, indicating their lower sensitivity to temperature variations. Overall, the results of this study suggest that the protein preparations extracted from Tenebrio molitor larvae have the potential for producing egg yolk-free mayonnaise-type emulsions.