Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as a cluster of metabolic alterations such as abdominal obesity, dyslipidemias, elevated fasting glucose, and hypertension. Studies on the association between egg consumption and MetS are limited and inconsistent. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted to examine the association of egg consumption with MetS among Korean adults aged 40–69 years. A total of 130,420 subjects (43,682 men and 86,738 women) from the Health Examinees Study were selected for the final analysis. Egg consumption was estimated using a validated 106-item food frequency questionnaire. MetS was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the association of egg consumption with MetS via odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjusting for potential variables. Among 130,420 subjects, 34,039 (26.1%) people had MetS. Consumption of more than 7 eggs/week was associated with a lower odds of MetS risk compared to those who consumed less than one egg/week in women (OR: 0.77, 95%CI: 0.70–0.84, p trend < 0.0001). Higher egg consumption was inversely associated with the MetS components: elevated waist circumference (OR: 0.80, 0.75–0.86), elevated triglyceride (OR: 0.78, 0.72–0.85), reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR: 0.82, 0.77–0.88), elevated blood pressure (OR: 0.86, 0.80–0.92), and elevated fasting glucose (OR: 0.94, 0.83–0.99) in women; reduced HDL-C (OR: 0.89, 0.80–1.00) in men. Our results suggest that higher egg consumption may be associated with a reduction in the odds for MetS and all five metabolic components in women, and the risk of reduced HDL-C in men.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of at least three of the five following metabolic alterations: elevated waist circumference, high serum triglyceride, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), elevated fasting plasma glucose, and elevated blood pressure (BP) [1]
Another clinical study reported that a diet high in cholesterol obtained from eggs improved glycaemic and lipid profile, blood pressure, and apo-B in individuals with type 2 diabetes [14]
MetS components, egg consumption was associated with decreased odd ratios in all five components in women, and was associated with a decreased odd ratio of lower HDL-C level in men
Summary
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of at least three of the five following metabolic alterations: elevated waist circumference, high serum triglyceride, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), elevated fasting plasma glucose, and elevated blood pressure (BP) [1]. Eggs are a crucial source of many essential nutrients, such as protein, unsaturated fatty acids, minerals (calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and choline), and fat-soluble and B vitamins [6] This has led to discrepancies in dietary recommendations across populations and inconsistent results for egg consumption and the risk of MetS or its components. An increase in egg consumption in diet resulted in reduced plasma insulin and insulin resistance and improved the atherogenic lipoprotein profile with MetS [13] Another clinical study reported that a diet high in cholesterol obtained from eggs improved glycaemic and lipid profile, blood pressure, and apo-B in individuals with type 2 diabetes [14]
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