Efsânevî Hz. Fâtıma Tipolojisinin Referansları Üzerine Bazı Mülahazalar

Abstract

Historically Fāṭima the daughter of Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh, the Prophet of Islam, by his first wife, Khadīja b. Khuwaylid has an ontological and eschatological meaning in Shīʿī thought. It is important to reveal the nature of this situation and to analyze the analogy with the Sacred Mary. Figure of Fāṭima is very different in the Shīʿī thought system. There is a system of thinking that transcends historical data. An image of the Sacred Fāṭima, which has an active role in both existential and eternal dimension is envisaged in this thought. This conception played a role in the institutionalization of the Imāmī Shīʿī theory within the Shīʿī tradition. Fāṭima’s charisma was organized in a similar way to the Saint Mary’s. This charisma has aspects of the hereafter such as intercession and mediation. This charisma also has worldly indicators of healing. Sacred Fāṭima and Mary is evaluated in a similar “ordeal” event. This analogy shows itself in various nomenclature, virginity, fertility, chastity, intercession, healing and fertility, becoming a celestial being, coming to the world as a divine being subjects. Finally on one hand Fāṭima figure is shaped as a spiritual source in a ahistorik structure, on the other hand, as in the notion of Virgin Mary, it took an iconographic form in the Shīʿī thought. Thus Fāṭima is conceived as an intercessor of wisdom, close to the mediatrix concept in Christianity in the Shīʿī thought system. Sacred Fāṭima was accepted as a source of healing and fertility. Especially this figure is impressed by Sacred Mary as much as she is influenced by “The Umayiyesi-Umay Ana Figure” in the Altaic area. As a result of this icon appeared in the form of “Hamsa: Hand of Fāṭima” in Shīʿī public. This paper examines how the important and respected Fāṭima is judged to be a reference point for certain beliefs and acceptances in perspective of historical and religious. Similarly this paper examines how Fāṭima has been transformed into a cult entity in Shīʿī thought. As a result of this transformation, Fāṭima’s image is used as a reference in the Shīʿī literature in formation of upper concepts such as Imāmī Shīʿism, custody and intercession. This article examines the conversion of historical and religiously important and respected Sacred Fāṭima into a cult entity.