EFOPS - 3 YEAR RESULTS OF AN EXERCISE STUDY FOR EARLY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH OSTEOPENIA

Abstract

Recent exercise studies demonstrated beneficial effects on bone mineral density (BMD) in pre- and postmenopausal women. However, preventive measures are of particular relevance immediately after menopause, a period with high bone loss. Purpose To demonstrate positive effects of exercise on bone metabolism, physical fitness and quality of life in early postmenopausal women. Methods Within EFOPS (Erlangen Fitness Osteoporosis Prevention Study) 137 early (1–8 years) postmenopausal osteopenic women (−1 > DXA-T-Score > −2.5 at L1-L4 or total hip) underwent a vigorous, combined high impact, high intensity strength, and endurance training. Bone mineral density (DXA and QCT), isometric strength, VO2max, and pain indices were measured annually. Results 48 women exercising more than 2 sessions/week completed the exercise group (EG), 30 age matched controls remained in the control group (CG). Bone density at LS were stable (DXA: 0.7 ± 2.9%; QCT: 1.1 ± 3.7; n.s.) in the EG while decreasing significantly in the CG (−3.0 ± 2.4%;-7.7 ± 6.1). The same was true for total hip BMD (DXA: 0.2 ± 2.4% vs. −2.0 ± 2.7%, p < .001). Isometric strength of the trunk flexores increased significantly by 33 ± 19% in the EG and decreased significantly by −6 ± 9% in the CG. VO2max changed significantly by +12 ± 9% (EG) vs. −2 ± 8% (CG; n.s.). LS pain-frequency decreased significantly by 36 ± 21% in the EG and increased significantly by 23 ± 19% in the CG. Between group differences were significant for all percentage changes. Conclusion Our results show that even during the early postmenopausal years a dedicated exercise program can offset bone loss. Other important parameters (e.g. isometric strength, VO2max, Quality of life) influenced by hormonal depletion were also favorably affected.