Eficacia de la premedicación con un esteroide y un antihistamínico en la prevención de reacciones infusionales por infliximab

Abstract

Infliximab can provoke acute or delayed infusion reactions (IR) leading to treatment withdrawal. Our aim was to determine the frequency of IR in patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving intravenous infliximab and premedicated with steroids and antihistaminics. We prospectively studied 100 consecutive patients (74 with Crohn's disease, 26 with ulcerative colitis) treated with infliximab induction therapy (3 doses: weeks 0-2-6), followed or not by maintenance every 8 weeks. All patients were premedicated with 100 mg i.v. hydrocortisone and 5 mg i.v. dexchlorpheniramine 30 min before each infusion. The mean age was 40.9+/-13 years (51% females, and 38% smokers). Ninety-two percent of the patients were under immunomodulator therapy (azathioprine/ mercaptopurine 85% or methotrexate 7%). A total of 560 infusions were administered, with a mean of 5.6 per patient (range, 1-21). Fifty-six percent of the patients received maintenance therapy. The mean length of follow-up was 17+/-16 months. IR occurred in 6 patients (6%) and in 1.4% of all infusions (8/560). All reactions were mild or moderate. Five IR were immediate, occurring in the second infusion. One IR was delayed (exanthema 5 days after the second infusion). Infliximab therapy was discontinued in only 3 patients (in the patient with the delayed IR and in 2 patients with immediate IR that reappeared during the third infusion). In patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with infliximab and under immunomodulator therapy, premedication with steroids and antihistaminics was associated with a low prevalence of IR. Moreover, after close follow-up, infliximab had to be discontinued in only 3% of the patients.