Efficiently Anti-Obesity Effects of Unsaturated Alginate Oligosaccharides (UAOS) in High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Fed Mice.

Shangyong Li,Ningning He,Linna Wang

doi:10.3390/md17090540

Shangyong Li, Ningning He + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/md17090540

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Abstract

Obesity and its related complications have become one of the leading problems affecting human health. However, current anti-obesity treatments are limited by high cost and numerous adverse effects. In this study, we investigated the use of a non-toxic green food additive, known as unsaturated alginate oligosaccharides (UAOS) from the enzymatic degradation of Laminaria japonicais, which showed effective anti-obesity effects in a high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model. Compared with acid hydrolyzed saturated alginate oligosaccharides (SAOS), UAOS significantly reduced body weight, serum lipid, including triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and free fatty acids (FFA), liver weight, liver TG and TC, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, adipose mass, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and accumulation induced in HFD mice. Moreover, the structural differences in β-d-mannuronate (M) and its C5 epimer α-l-guluronate (G) did not cause significant functional differences. Meanwhile, UAOS significantly increased both AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation in adipocytes, which indicated that UAOS had an anti-obesity effect mainly through AMPK signaling. Our results indicate that UAOS has the potential for further development as an adjuvant treatment for many metabolic diseases such as fatty liver, hypertriglyceridemia, and possibly diabetes.

Highlights

Obesity is a genetic and health problem, as well as a social problem that seriously threatens human health
We investigated that unsaturated alginate oligosaccharides (UAOS) showed effective anti-obesity effects, which significantly reduced body weight, serum lipid, including triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and free fatty acids (FFA), liver weight, liver TG, and TC, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, adipose mass, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and accumulation induced in high-fat diet (HFD) mice
UAOS was performed using a green production method developed in our types of alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) were prepared in this study, including enzymatic UAOS and acid hydrolyzed previousTwo study, by combining enzymatic hydrolysis and selective fermentation directly from Laminaria japonica (LJ) [19]

Summary

Introduction

Obesity is a genetic and health problem, as well as a social problem that seriously threatens human health. Overweight and obesity can cause complications such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, cancer, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [3,4]. There are limited anti-obesity drugs on the market due to their unexpected side effects, such as increasing the risk of heart attacks and psychiatric side effects [5,6]. Orlistat is the only over-the-counter drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to help with obesity. It causes a series of adverse reactions in certain people, including gastrointestinal trauma and greasy stools [7]. It is necessary to develop alternative anti-obesity agents, including safe and effective functional foods for adjuvant therapy

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