Efficient Thermal Stabilization of Polyvinyl Chloride with Tannin-Ca Complex as Bio-Based Thermal Stabilizer

Hussein A Shnawa,Abed Alameer H Taobi,Moayad N Khalaf,Yousef Jahani

doi:10.4236/msa.2015.65042

Abstract

The potential use of tannin-Ca complex derived from tannins as bio-based thermal stabilizer and antioxidant additive for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was investigated in this work. For this project, Reapak B-NT/7060 was applied as reference thermal stabilizer. Variable compositions: (1, 2, and 3) part per hundred ratio (phr) of tannin-Ca complex in the presence of 10 phr Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) as plasticizer in all PVC formulations were prepared by melt mixing by internal mixer at 165°C. Tannin-Ca complex was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) analysis as well as by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The tannin derivative stabilization efficiency under inert atmosphere was determined by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In addition, its thermal stabilization effect has been assessed in air as oxidizing atmosphere by DSC in dynamic conditions. According to TGA thermograms, the initial degradation temperature (Ti) and optimum degradation temperature (Top ) for the main degradation stage of PVC stabilized with this derivative were about 280°C and 310°C, respectively. While these were about 255°C and 293°C, respectively for PVC stabilized with commercial thermal stabilizer. Global results of TGA, DSC, SEM and EDX show that the tannin-Ca complex provides the best properties and results in stabilizing both against thermal degradation and thermal oxidation degradation of PVC.

Highlights

Because it is modified, polyvinyl chloride, PVC becomes one of the most important commodity polymers.How to cite this paper: Shnawa, H.A., Khalaf, M.N., Jahani, Y. and Taobi, A.A.H. (2015) Efficient Thermal Stabilization of Polyvinyl Chloride with Tannin-Ca Complex as Bio-Based Thermal Stabilizer
The PVC have degradation rates in the presence of tannin-Ca complex lower than that of PVC with commercial thermal stabilizer. These results suggest that the PVC stabilized with tannin-Ca complex is more resistant to thermal degradation and the tannin derivative have highly activity to increase the thermal stability of this polymer, whereas during and after thermal treatment of PVC with this additive, the tanninCa complex start to work as thermal stabilizer by HCl scavenging mechanism
The PVC have degradation rate in the presence of tannin-Ca complex lower than that by effect of commercial thermal stabilizer, Table 3. These results suggest that the PVC stabilized with tannin derivative is more resistance to thermal degradation

Summary

Introduction

Because it is modified, polyvinyl chloride, PVC becomes one of the most important commodity polymers.How to cite this paper: Shnawa, H.A., Khalaf, M.N., Jahani, Y. and Taobi, A.A.H. (2015) Efficient Thermal Stabilization of Polyvinyl Chloride with Tannin-Ca Complex as Bio-Based Thermal Stabilizer. PVC increasingly produced for using in various industries such as building and constructions, packaging, electrical, automotive, furniture/office equipment, clothing, footwear and so on. It is characterized by poor heat and UV resistance and at its processing. PVC loses HCl and loses all its physical and mechanical properties as the end result From this point, the addition of thermal stabilizers is, required to prevent thermal degradation during process. The addition of thermal stabilizers is, required to prevent thermal degradation during process Because all these changes are accompanied by deterioration some of the useful properties of this polymer, it has become practically, to process of PVC with the presence of heat stabilizers [1] [2]

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Conclusion