Efficient tandem solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method to determine polar benzotriazole, benzothiazole and benzenesulfonamide contaminants in environmental water samples

Abstract

An analytical method has been developed that allows the simultaneous determination of five benzotriazole (BTRs), four benzothiazole (BTs) and five benzenesulfonamide (BSAs) derivates. The method is based on tandem solid-phase extraction (SPE) with Oasis HLB followed by a clean-up step with Florisil. The chromatographic analysis was performed in less than 15min and detection was carried out with a triple quadrupole mass analyser operating in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. A comparison was performed between Oasis HLB and Oasis MAX sorbents for the solid-phase extraction, with Oasis HLB being the sorbent that gave the highest recoveries, ranging between 75% and 106%, depending on the compound and the matrix analysed. The proposed clean-up with Florisil sorbent reduced the matrix effect to below 20%. The repeatability (%RSD, 50–3000ng/L, n=3) of the method was less than 15% for all of the compounds in all of the matrices. The limits of detection (LODs) achieved ranged from 1ng/L for BTR in river water up to 100ng/L for BT in influent sewage.All of the compounds were determined in environmental waters such as river water and sewage. The highest concentrations determined corresponded to influent sewage samples in which the sum of concentrations for all compounds were between 4.6μg/L and 8.0μg/L. These concentrations were slightly reduced in secondary effluent and tertiary effluent sewage. Moreover, samples from tertiary effluent sewage based on ultra-filtration membrane treatments were also analysed and preliminary results seem to indicate that these treatments may be most effective for removing BTR, BT and BSA derivates.