Efficient Segment-based Image Ciphering using Discretized Chaotic Standard Map with ECB, OFB and CBC

Abstract

This paper presents a block-based ciphering scheme that employs the 2D discretized chaotic Standard map (CSM) in three different operation modes. The employed operation modes include the electronic codebook (ECB), the output feedback (OFB) and the cipher block chaining (CBC) modes. In the presented 2D discretized CSM with the OFB and CBC, the initiation vector (IV) is employed as the primary secret key. The presented 2D discretized CSM with the CBC has two merits. The first merit is the ability of the presented 2D discretized CSM with the ECB, OFB and CBC to encipher images of any dimensions in a comparatively short time. The second merit is the high level of security of the presented 2D discretized CSM with the OFB and CBC through the integration of both diffusion and confusion operations. Different security key metrics like histogram deviation, irregular, and coefficient of correlation, are examined to assess the functionality of the presented 2D discretized CSM with the OFB and CBC. The resistance to noise, uniformity of histogram, and encryption speed are also investigated. The suggested 2D discretized CSM with the OFB and CBC is compared with the 2D discretized CSM in ECB. The achieved outcomes demonstrate that the proposed 2D discretized CSM with the OFB and CBC has a high security than in ECB from cryptographic viewpoint. Also, achieved outcomes demonstrate that the proposed 2D discretized CSM has better noise immunity in OFB compared with ECB and OFB.