Efficient removal of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solution by the Moringa oleifera synthesized magnetic ZnFe2O4 spinel nanoparticles

Abstract

Water-based Pb(II)ion removal was tested on Moringa oleifera modified ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles. For the strong crystal plane, XRD analysis predicts high crystallinity and 18 nm average crystallite sizes. Tetrahedral and octahedral spikes oscillate at 650 and 482 cm−1, metal ions like Zn-O and Fe-O resonate at 400–600 cm−1. Porosity particles and complicated integration linkages with hydroxyl groups from distinct fatty acid sequences characterise omega-3 and zinc ion nanoparticles. HRTEM images revealed spherical ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles with an average diameter of 8–12 nm and interplanar spacing and lattice fringes matching the tetragonal phase's (311) crystal plane. Due to interparticle gaps, N2 equilibrium temperatures at 77.5 K produced mesoporous material with 120.6 m2 g−1 BET specific surface area and 15.6 nm pore width. Spinel ZnFe2O4 demonstrated photocatalytic activity in daylight with prolonged UV-to-visible photo absorption. Prepared nanoparticles exhibited ferromagnetic functionality, a saturation magnetic field of 10 emu/g, a permanence of 2 emu/g, and a forcefulness of 100 Oersted has, which is less than the significant value of 72 emu/g. Lead elimination kinetics show that PSO kinetics better capture adsorption kinetics than PFO kinetics. Rate diffusion-driven surface features may potentially explain Pb(II) adsorption kinetics. pH 6.2 is optimal for Pb(II) removal. Adsorption process seems endothermic and impulsive. Monolayer adsorption over a consistent region may have deposited Pb(II) on ZnFe2O4. Langmuir method found ZnFe2O4 maximum adsorption capacity of 142.2 lead (mg)/adsorbent (g) and it adsorbs lead (II) ions similarly to other adsorption agents, perhaps due to its large effective surface area.