Efficient removal of herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid from water using Ag/reduced graphene oxide co-decorated TiO2 nanotube arrays

Abstract

A new photocatalyst, Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) co-decorated TiO2 nanotube arrays (NTs) (Ag/RGO–TiO2 NTs), was designed and facilely produced by combining electrodeposition and photoreduction processes. The structures and properties of the photocatalysts were characterized. The ternary catalyst exhibited almost 100% photocatalytic removal efficiency of typical herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from water under simulated solar light irradiation. The photodegradation rate toward 2,4-D over Ag/RGO–TiO2 NTs is 11.3 times that over bare TiO2 NTs. After 10 successive cycles with 1600min of irradiation, Ag/RGO–TiO2 NTs maintained as high 2,4-D removal efficiency as 97.3% with excellent stability and easy recovery, which justifies the photocatalytic system a promising application for herbicide removal from water.