Abstract
Callus is the most significant morphogenic response obtained in plant tissue culture studies. It can be used for micropropagation or to create transgenic lines. Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean) is one of the economically important crops with a great nutritional value. However, very little effort has been made to regenerate callus from P. vulgaris explants. Six explants were used namely root tip, leaves, plumule, radicle, cotyledon and embryo to develop a callus from P. vulgaris. The minimum days for callus induction was 10 days in plumule, radicle and embryo explants, while the maximum was 15 days in cotyledon explants with the callus induction percentage of 75%. The largest callus was found to be 2.77 gm in weight and 2.5 cm in diameter in MS medium. Medium with different concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) showed different growth pattern in callus induction. Culture medium with 1.50 mg/l of BAP, 0.50 mg/l of 2, 4-D and 0.10 mg/l of NAA showed the best result in callus induction. Higher concentration of BAP (2.00 mg/l), along with 0.25 mg/l of 2, 4-D was ideal for shoot regeneration and maturation. Shoot induction medium along with 2.00 mg/l of NAA concentrations were found to be best for rooting. It was found that plumule and radicle favor callus induction, however, they are also potent for shoot and root induction. Knowledge gained in this study will be useful in developing a standard protocol for plant regeneration from P. vulgaris explants and will also be useful in creating transgenic line of P. vulgaris.
Highlights
Plant tissue culture is a method of aseptic culture of cells or tissues or any part of the plant in the growth medium, under the optimum condition with nutritional supplements [1]
There are wide range of differences in the weight of the callus, colour of the callus, texture and diameter. This may be due to the variation in the concentration of auxin to cytokinin ratio and type of the explants used
Steps involved in callus induction and plant regeneration from explants is represented in supplementary Fig. S1
Summary
Plant tissue culture is a method of aseptic culture of cells or tissues or any part of the plant in the growth medium, under the optimum condition with nutritional supplements [1]. The optimum conditions provide an environment including adequate temperature, suitable pH medium and proper gaseous environment (CO2 concentration), which allow explants to multiply. The nutritional medium consists of carbon source, phytohormones and natural extracts, which are important for explant growth and development [2]. Very less effort has been made to develop callus from different parts of common bean, using plant tissue culture methods. Callus induction followed by successive plant regeneration is the fastest way of getting healthy plantlets, without relying on the seasons. Common bean callus induction and regeneration is very effective for mass propagation and for genetic manipulation in P. vulgaris
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