Efficient Realization of S-Box based reduced Residue of Prime Numbers using Virtex-5 and Virtex-6 FPGAs

Al Mijalli Al Mijalli

doi:10.3844/ajassp.2011.754.757

Abstract

Problem statement: The S-Box transformation is a computationally intensive and important operation of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). Approach: This study presents the comparative study between reduced Residue of Prime Numbers and Galois Filed GF (28) based SBoxes using Virtex-5 and Virtex-6 FPGA devices. The implementation of S-Boxes is done using Very High speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL). Results: The results obtained from Virtex-6 FPGA show that the proposed method runs at a clock frequency of 0.785ns, which is three times faster than S-Box based on Galois Filed GF (28). Conclusion: The reduced version of the S-Box based on prime number shows promising results as compared to Galois Field GF (28) based SBox, which could be used in AES to increase its complexity and add more confusion.

Highlights

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has adopted a block cipher, which was subsequently developed by Belgian researchers Vincent Rijmen and Joan Daemen and named as Rijndael cipher algorithm Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) (FIPS-197, 2001; Daemen and Rijmen, 2002)
The implementation of cryptographic algorithms on the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) provides a promising solution that combines with high flexibility with the speed and as first taking a multiplicative inverse in the Galois Field GF (28) and applying a standard affine transformation over Galois Field GF (28)
The substitution box (S-Box) based on residue of prime numbers (Abuelyman, and Alsehibani, 2008) adds more confusion than the S-Box based Galois Field GF (28), because it exploits most of the resources since it is required in every round (Harvey, 2000)

Summary

INTRODUCTION

The S-Box based on residue of prime numbers (Abuelyman, and Alsehibani, 2008) adds more confusion than the S-Box based Galois Field GF (28), because it exploits most of the resources since it is required in every round (Harvey, 2000). S-Box based on Galois Field GF (28) is constructed by performing two transformations; Advanced Encryption Standard: The AES is a symmetric block cipher that processes fixed data of 128-bit blocks. It supports key sizes of 128, 192-256 bits and consists of 10, 12 or 14 iteration rounds. SubBytes can be implemented either by computing the S-box, which is consists of 16 identical 256-byte substitution table or using Look-Up-Table (LUT)

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS

Findings

CONCLUSION