Abstract
Micro Grids (MGs) are well described as distribution systems with integrated distributed energy resources, i.e. photovoltaic (PV) and wind power generation systems. MGs can improve the quality of power by maintaining voltage levels and reducing the cost of energy supply. Despite the obvious advantages of distributed generation, technical operating and controlling challenges related to MGs are immense to maintain voltage and frequency stabilities during variable loading and emergency condition. This paper proposes an efficient an overhaul maximum power conditioning control system of micro grid feeds from PV modules and wind turbine. The PV power system utilizes two-stage energy conversion system topology, i.e. a DC/DC chopper circuit and voltage source inverter (VSI) that satisfies the MG technical requirements. For the proposed PV maximum power point tracking (MPPT), the boost chopper duty cycle is being adjusted to set the PV panel operating point to a maximum power point. Whereas for the proposed wind turbine, the pitch angle controller is developed to force the wind turbine to reaches its optimal operation at low and medium wind speeds. During high wind speeds, the pitch angle is changed to minimize the aerodynamic power. The dynamic model and control of the investigated MG for both transient and steady states operations are illustrated. Furthermore, the control strategies for maintaining the maximum energy conversion and to obtain voltage stability under multiple operating conditions are presented.
Highlights
In today’s evolving power systems research, Distributed Generation (DG) has had the rapid growing area of research
For PV array, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) constant voltage is applied for the boost converter and the pulse width modulation (PWM) based three phase two level inverter, while for wind turbine pitch control being used
The variable speed wind turbine extracted power affected by some key aspect such as the total power offered by the wind, the machine’s power curve and the performance of the machine under wind speed variations, which is mainly depend on the used control algorithm [15]
Summary
In today’s evolving power systems research, Distributed Generation (DG) has had the rapid growing area of research. Increasing reliability and decreasing losses can be obtained by reducing the power flowing from transmission and distribution networks It can be achieved by having micro grids with DG close to load center. Ensuring stable MG’s operation under abnormal conditions as well as power quality needs development of complicated control strategies for the interfaced converters [4,5,6]. Wind generation systems are preferred to extract maximum possible energy from wind, MPPT is generally implemented so maximum output is ensured at nominal wind speeds. In order to design a pitch controller wind turbine, experience is required to obtain the optimal angle of the rotor blades which ensure getting the most output for various speeds.
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