Efficient pilot-scale synthesis of the key cefonicid intermediate at room temperature

Abstract

Abstract Cefonicid is a common second-generation cephalosporin, and the 7-amino-3-[sulphomethyl-1-H-tetrazol-5-yl-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylate monosodium salt is a key synthetic intermediate in its preparation. Despite the considerable international demand for this antibiotic, its preparation is hampered by low synthetic yield, long reaction time, and time-consuming industrial filtration over charcoal after the purification step. In the context of the industrial production of pharmaceutical intermediates, in which the balance between streamlining and enhancing productivity is necessary in order to compete in the global active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) market, we have investigated an efficient and practical procedure for the synthesis of a key cefonicid intermediate that features a telescopic route whose synthetic steps are all performed at room temperature; from the displacement of the acetoxy group with boron trifluoride to crystallization without treatment with charcoal. In other words, a simpler, scalable, cost-effective and energy-saving protocol is herein reported as a means of moving towards commercial manufacturing. The optimization of the process parameters and the industrial-scale impact assessment should pave the way for industrialization.