Abstract
Phosphate ion removal in wastewater via nanofiltration is a major challenge in wastewater treatment. In this study, cellulose acetate (CA) incorporated with graphene oxide/ sodium dodecyl sulphate (GO/SDS) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(styrene sulfonate) (PAH/PSS) were synthesized using the electrospinning method. The membranes were characterized using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), water contact angle, and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). In addition, a multi-layered electrospun cellulose membrane was stacked using a layer-by-layer (LbL) technique to produce a functional ultra-filtration membrane for enhanced phosphate ions removal. The results showed that the modified membranes had better hydrophilicity and lower flux rates as compared to the unmodified membrane. The incorporation of compressed multi-layered for both unmodified and modified membranes also indicated increased phosphate ions removal efficiency up to 18.99 % and 43.08 %, respectively. In addition, post-filtration revealed that phosphate was adsorbed onto the three-layer modified membrane. PAH/PSS-modified CA/GO/SDS membrane is an innovative modification of the cellulose membrane for the phosphate-contaminated water system.
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