Abstract
A full-polarized facet based scattering model (FPFSM) for investigating the electromagnetic (EM) scattering by two-dimensional electrically large sea surfaces with high efficiency at high microwave bands is proposed. For this method, the scattering field over a large sea facet in a diffuse scattering region is numerically deduced according to the Bragg scattering mechanism. In regard to near specular directions, a novel approach is proposed to calculate the scattered field from a sea surface based on the second order small slope approximation (SSA-II), which saves computer memory considerably and is able to analyze the EM scattering by electrically large sea surfaces. The feasibility of this method in evaluating the radar returns from the sea surface is proved by comparing the normalized radar cross sections (NRCS) and the Doppler spectrum with the SSA-II. Then NRCS results in monostatic and bistatic configurations under different polarization states, scattering angles and wind speeds are analyzed as well as the Doppler spectrum at Ka-band. Numerical results show that the FPFSM is a reliable and efficient method to analyze the full-polarized scattering characteristics from electrically large sea surface within a wide frequency range.
Highlights
Full-polarized echoes from a sea’s surface include more abundant information than single-polarized ones [1,2,3,4]
This paper proposed the full-polarized facet based scattering model (FPFSM), which is able to give the averaged radar cross sections (RCS)
Noting that the memory consumption is the same in monostatic and configurations for a fixed frequency and surface size, we only show the comparison in monostatic bistatic configurations for a fixed frequency and surface size, we only show the comparison in monostatic configuration
Summary
Full-polarized echoes from a sea’s surface include more abundant information than single-polarized ones [1,2,3,4]. This paper proposed the full-polarized facet based scattering model (FPFSM), which is able to give the averaged RCS results and able to give the full-polarized plural scattered field including amplitude and phase information As for this method, the scattered field from a large sea facet in diffuse scattering directions was numerically calculated according to the Bragg scattering mechanism. The main contribution is that we proposed a facet-based method to investigate the EM scattering characteristic of electrically large sea surfaces This method works well from L-band to Ka-band and has good accuracy, much higher computational efficiency, and much lower memory consumption compared with the original SSA-II method. It is able to give the plural scattering field information (i.e., containing both amplitude and phase information) of each facet, which means it can be further applied to analyze the scattering from targets over sea surfaces and to the high-resolution of SAR imaging simulators
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