Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm allows the integration of cyber and physical worlds and other emerging technologies. IoT-enabled wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are rapidly gaining interest due to their ability to aggregate sensing data and transmit it towards the central or intermediate repositories, such as computational clouds and fogs. This paper presents an efficient multi-hop routing protocol (EMRP) for efficient data dissemination in IoT-enabled WSNs where hierarchy-based energy-efficient routing is involved. It considers a rank-based next-hop selection mechanism. For each device, it considers the residual energy to choose the route for data exchange. We extracted the residual energy at each node and evaluated it based on the connection degree to validate the maximum rank. It allowed us to identify the time slots for measuring the lifetime of the network. We also considered the battery expiry time of the first node to identify the network expiry time. We validated our work through extensive simulations using Network Simulator. We also implemented TCL scripts and C language code to configure low-power sensing devices, cluster heads and sink nodes. We extracted results from the trace files by utilizing AWK scripts. Results demonstrate that the proposed EMRP outperforms the existing related schemes in terms of the average lifetime, packet delivery ratio, time-slots, communication lost, communication area, first node expiry, number of alive nodes and residual energy.
Highlights
The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm integrates cyber and physical worlds and other emerging technologies [1]
The main problem in hierarchy-based routing is that the sensor nodes near the base station (BS) or the cluster head (CH) consume energy rapidly compared to the other nodes that are far from the base station
Using the time slot selection mechanism, we proposed and developed the efficient multi-hop routing protocol (EMRP), a next-hop selection algorithm for multi-hop routing based on the residual node energy
Summary
The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm integrates cyber and physical worlds and other emerging technologies [1]. In cluster-based routing schemes, a few architectures restrict the addition of new nodes or remove the existing member nodes until the battery of all the nodes is not expired This applies to static networks only, where the nodes near the BS carry more data from neighbors. The main problem in hierarchy-based routing is that the sensor nodes near the base station (BS) or the cluster head (CH) consume energy rapidly compared to the other nodes that are far from the base station These nearby nodes receive more data from the neighboring nodes. The expired node may have collected or received critical data at the time it stopped working due to the battery lifetime It results in a sensing bottleneck in the physical world.
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