Abstract
We consider the problem of discriminating macromolecular structures in an electron microscope, through a specific beam shaping technique. Our approach is based on maximizing the which-molecule information extracted from the state of each electron. To this aim, the optimal observables are derived within the framework of quantum state discrimination, which allows one to fully account from the quantum character of the probe. We simulate the implementation of such optimal observable on a generalized orbital angular momentum (OAM) sorter and benchmark its performance against the best known real space approach.
Highlights
The quest for extreme sensitivities in the investigation of atomic and molecular systems naturally leads to the use of single particles as quantum probes
In electron microscopy the quantum probe is represented by the electron
The most considerable and already demonstrated case is that of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) sorter[10], which is inspired by optics[11]
Summary
The quest for extreme sensitivities in the investigation of atomic and molecular systems naturally leads to the use of single particles as quantum probes. The large flexibility that this approach allows in the choice of the measured observable represents a key resource for maximizing, in a system-specific fashion, the amount of information that can be extracted from the electron wave function, reducing the number of probes that are required to achieve a given degree of confidence in the final inference.
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