Abstract
Currently, the majority of world economies (even those located in the sunbelt (+/− 35 degrees of latitude with good sunshine with low seasonality) uses various types of fossil fuels as the main source of energy for their economies. However, this represents a very volatile and unsustainable strategy, since according to various estimates, the fossil fuel era will inevitably end as all carbon fuels are going to be spent in the next few centuries. Unlike traditional energy, renewable energy sources (RES) are not based on energy resources, but rather rely upon natural energy flows. With regard to its unique property, there has been an active construction of power plants of renewable energy and their gradual integration into national energy supply systems in recent decades. At the same time, the existing models of electricity markets were unprepared for their wide distribution. Hence, determination of the market value of energy generated by power plants using renewable energy sources becomes a particularly significant issue. This market value has to take into account the prevention of costs from the use of fossil fuels, as well as the resulting environmental benefits. Our paper proposes methods for solving this problem, contributing to the increase of economic efficiency of investment projects for the construction of renewable energy facilities and the formation of economic incentives for their propagation in energy supply systems. The proposed methods are based on the dynamic differentiation of tariffs for consumers with renewable energy sources depending on their structure of electricity consumption. Its effectiveness is demonstrated by calculating the cost of electricity for households located in the Krasnodar region using renewable energy sources. It is shown that this approach to the formation of tariffs for consumers allows the household to receive additional savings from the efficient use of energy installations on RES and energy storage devices in terms of alignment of the energy consumption schedule. This creates a significant incentive for households to use them and contributes to increasing the effectiveness of government renewable energy support programs, including by solving the acute problem of raising electricity tariffs from the grid.
Highlights
Over the past few decades, the views on the role of traditional hydrocarbon energy changed dramatically
It allows in a number of countries to make renewable energy attractive, even in cases where its initial economic indicators are more than 50% worse than when attractive, even in cases where its initial economic indicators are more than 50% worse than when using fossil fuel resources
The sharp increase in fixed-rate tariff obligations for renewable energy sources efficiency of using (RES) led to the third wave of network tariff increases. Another consequence of the wrong state policy in support of renewable energy is the emergence of indirect cross-subsidization, when consumers who have not installed or cannot afford installations on renewable energy, pay the grid company for consumers who switch to renewable energy, forced to raise the network tariff, and generation company, which increases the uneven loading of power equipment and the number of hours of use of expensive peak power while reducing the amount of electricity generation [44,45,46]
Summary
Over the past few decades, the views on the role of traditional hydrocarbon energy changed dramatically. In an attempt to avoid the consequences of a social and economic shock as a result of the energy crisis, various countries took steps to break the vicious circle and provide the basis for ensuring the minimum necessary level of power generation within the national energy systems [8,9] This explains the emergence of keen interest in renewable energy based on the use of natural energy flows. To achieve the goals of national strategies for the development of renewable energy and increase their investment attractiveness at the level of governments and energy departments of countries, it is necessary to develop state tariff policy tools aimed at introducing and using renewable energy sources in energy supply systems They should include economic incentives to optimize energy consumption through the introduction of autonomous energy sources and be based on differentiated pricing by hour area of the day.
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