Abstract
Data hiding is an efficient technique that conceals secret data into a digital medium. In 2006, Zhang and Wang proposed a data hiding scheme called exploiting modification direction (EMD) which has become a milestone in the field of data hiding. In recent years, many EMD-type data hiding schemes have been developed, but their embedding capacity remains restricted. In this paper, a novel data hiding scheme based on the combination of Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) and a new extraction function is proposed. By the proposed scheme, the cover image is divided into non-overlapping pixel groups for embedding to increase the embedding capacity. Experimental results show that the embedding capacity of the proposed scheme is significantly higher (greater than 2.5 bpp) than previously proposed schemes while ensuring very good visual quality of the stego image. In addition, security analysis is given to show that the proposed scheme can resist visual attack.
Highlights
The rapid developments of computer and network technologies led to an explosion in the transmission of digital information over the Internet
In order to further increase the embedding capacity, we propose an exploiting modification direction (EMD)-type data hiding scheme based on Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) [22]
A new extraction function, the ith cover pixel in a group can directly embed (i + 1) binary secret bits; The coefficients of the constructed extraction function are pairwise coprime integers and the modulus is the product of the coefficients, which is different from the extraction functions of previous EMD-type schemes
Summary
A cover pixel pair is used as a minimal unit to embed two consecutive secret bits according to a binary function This scheme outweighs LSB matching in terms of security and image quality degradation while keeping the same embedding capacity. According to the CRT and a new extraction function, the ith cover pixel in a group can directly embed (i + 1) binary secret bits; The coefficients of the constructed extraction function are pairwise coprime integers and the modulus is the product of the coefficients, which is different from the extraction functions of previous EMD-type schemes. For data extraction, the embedded secret data is first computed by the extraction function and retrieved by a modular operation according to the CRT This two layer embedding strategy can further increase the security; The embedding capacity of the proposed scheme is significantly high while guaranteeing good image quality.
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