Abstract
The narrow genetic background restricts wheat yield and quality improvement. The wild relatives of wheat are the huge gene pools for wheat improvement and can broaden its genetic basis. Production of wheat-alien translocation lines can transfer alien genes to wheat. So it is important to develop an efficient method to induce wheat-alien chromosome translocation. Agropyron cristatum (P genome) carries many potential genes beneficial to disease resistance, stress tolerance and high yield. Chromosome 6P possesses the desirable genes exhibiting good agronomic traits, such as high grain number per spike, powdery mildew resistance and stress tolerance. In this study, the wheat- A . cristatum disomic addition was used as bridge material to produce wheat- A . cristatum translocation lines induced by 60Co-γirradiation. The results of genomic in situ hybridization showed that 216 plants contained alien chromosome translocation among 571 self-pollinated progenies. The frequency of translocation was 37.83%, much higher than previous reports. Moreover, various alien translocation types were identified. The analysis of M2 showed that 62.5% of intergeneric translocation lines grew normally without losing the translocated chromosomes. The paper reported a high efficient technical method for inducing alien translocation between wheat and Agropyron cristatum . Additionally, these translocation lines will be valuable for not only basic research on genetic balance, interaction and expression of different chromosome segments of wheat and alien species, but also wheat breeding programs to utilize superior agronomic traits and good compensation effect from alien chromosomes.
Highlights
IntroductionModern cultivation systems have given rise to the sharp loses of wheat genetic diversity
As the largest cereal crop worldwide, common wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n =6X = 42) plays an important role in the food security [1]
The translocation types and frequencies between wheat and A. cristatum chromosomes are shown in table 2
Summary
Modern cultivation systems have given rise to the sharp loses of wheat genetic diversity. Importing alien excellent genes is the main method to widen the genetic basis of wheat. The wild relatives of wheat have an abundance of genetic diversity and desirable traits that are deficient in cultivated wheat [6,7]. Powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21 is located on the chromosome 6VS of Haynaldia villosa [10]. The gene(s) of high numbers of florets and kernels per spike is(are) located on chromosome 6P of Agropyron cristatum [11]. Introducing these genes to wheat has theoretical and practical significance in wheat germ plasm enrichment and cultivar improvement
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