Efficient heterogenization of palladium by citric acid on the magnetite nanoparticles surface (Nano-Fe3O4@CA-Pd), and its catalytic application in C-C coupling reactions

Abstract

In this study, citric acid was used as a ligand for the heterogenization of palladium chloride on Fe3O4 nanoparticles surface as efficient and recoverable green catalyst (Nano-Fe3O4@CA-Pd). The catalytic activity of this composite was tested in the Sonogashira and the Suzuki cross-coupling reactions. The structure of catalyst characterized using spectroscopic data, magnetic, and thermal techniques such as FT-IR, SEM, EDX, XRD, VSM, and TGA.