Abstract
Heparin is one of the most valuable active pharmaceutical ingredients, and it is generally isolated from porcine intestinal mucosa. Traditionally, different types of commercial resins are employed as an adsorbent for heparin uptake; however, using new, less expensive adsorbents has attracted more interest in the past few years to enhance the heparin recovery. Zeolite imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), as a metal–organic framework (MOF) with a high surface area, porosity, and good stability at high temperatures, was selected to examine the heparin recovery. In this research, we demonstrate that ZIF-8 can recover up to ~70% (37 mg g−1) of heparin from porcine intestinal mucosa. A mechanistic study through kinetic and thermodynamic models on the adsorption revealed appropriate surface conditions for the adsorption of heparin molecules. The effect of different variables such as pH and temperature on heparin adsorption was also studied to optimize the recovery. This study is the first to investigate the usage of MOFs for heparin uptake.
Highlights
Heparin (Scheme 1) is a linear, sulfur-rich polysaccharide in the glycosaminoglycan family with varying lengths and weights ranging from 2000–40,000 kDa; it is generally procured from the bovine and porcine intestinal mucosa
We report the recovery of heparin from the porcine intestinal mucosa demonstrated that the Zeolite imidazole frameworks (ZIFs) with a higher surface area (ZIF-8) showed a higher amount of using two typesWeofalso
We report the use of ZIFs for heparin recovery, which is the first example of heparin recovery utilizing an metal–organic framework (MOF)
Summary
Heparin (Scheme 1) is a linear, sulfur-rich polysaccharide in the glycosaminoglycan family with varying lengths and weights ranging from 2000–40,000 kDa; it is generally procured from the bovine and porcine intestinal mucosa. Due to their high surface area, pore volume, thermal and chemical imidazole frameworks (ZIFs) are a new of MOFs consisting of imidazolate linkers and stability, and adaptable functionalization, ZIFsclass have found applications in various fields metal ions.drug. Duedelivery to their highgas surface area, poreand volume, thermal and chemical stability, and as sensors, agents, separation agents, electronic device components [27–31]. We evaluated the stabilized effects of several variables, utilized a sheep plasma test to measure and compare the anticoagulant potency of ZIF-8 temperature, to investigate the most optimal conditions for heparin recovery. Utilized a sheep plasma test to measure and compare the anticoagulant potency of
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