Efficient heavy metal recycling and water reuse from industrial wastewater using new reusable and inexpensive polyphenylene sulfide derivatives

Abstract

Heavy metal (HM) pollution is a serious environment problem. Recovering HM from industrial wastewater by efficient adsorbents is a sustainable method due to recycling HM and acquiring reusable water. However, popular efficient adsorbents are usually expensive or non-reusable. In this paper, methods of efficient HM recycling and water reuse from industrial wastewater were developed using efficient adsorbents, new polyphenylene sulfide derivatives, which are recyclable and stable in an acidic, alkaline or oxidative aqueous solution. Moreover, they can efficiently and quickly adsorb HM ions. The maximum adsorption capacities of these adsorbents for HM ions are at the range from 51.3–184.2 mg·g−1. The adsorption equilibrium times of them for HM ions are at the range from 10 to 80 min. Therefore, this paper suggests sustainable methods of HM recovery and water reuse from industrial wastewater.