Efficient Handover in LTE-A by Using Mobility Pattern History and User Trajectory Prediction

Abstract

The handover is one of the basic elements in the mobility management of Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) wireless systems. It permits the user equipment (UE) to wander between LTE-A wireless networks. LTE-A purely depends on the hard handover, which may cause disconnection to occur if the handover is not fast enough. In this paper, an advanced handover technique is proposed, which consolidates the present UE moving direction and its history information. The proposed technique tracks the UE positions to determine its direction. When the UE is close to the handover spot, the UE begins to look into its history, so as to select the target cell. In the event that the UE trajectory does not exist in the history or the load of target cell is full, the UE and its serving cell will begin looking for a target cell through the use of a cosine function and distance in order to select the target cell. Through the direct selection of the evolved NodeB target in the handover, the performance of the network transmission is seen to improve. The proposed algorithm is evaluated and then compared with the 3GPP standard handover and existing work depending on handover number, number of signaling measurements, packet delay ratio, packet loss ratio, and throughput. The simulation with LTE-Sim proves that the proposed algorithm significantly reduced the number of handovers, the signaling measurements number, the packet delay ratio, and the packet loss ratio and increased the throughput.